Looking around, you might think that branches, leaves and flowers grow randomly.
But every branch, leaf, stem, bud or petal, have all been set out according to fixed laws and  precise measures.

There are patterns everywhere you look in the natural world, the most persistent of which is the Fibonacci sequence. The sequence was first described by ancient Indian mathematicians, even though it’s named after the Italian mathematician Fibonacci in the early 13th century.
The Fibonacci sequence is so simple it’s almost baffling. Here each number is created by adding together the previous two, so starting from 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21… it continues to infinity. The Fibonacci sequence is so persistent in nature that it’s a challenge to find a plant or fruit structure that does not conform to it. For instance, the placement of leaves along a stem is governed by the Fibonacci sequence, ensuring that each leaf has maximum access to sunlight and rain. The same principle is at work in the formation of pine cones, sunflowers, pineapples, and cacti. The Golden Ratio, which you might have heard before, is just another manifestation of the Fibonacci sequence.

All plants are geometrical one way or the other. However, there are plants whose geometry is more pronounced than others. Here are some famous examples.

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